Thursday, August 27, 2020

The use of DNA to exonerate an individual under the post-conviction Essay

The utilization of DNA to absolve a person under the post-conviction utilization of DNA proof or the assessment of blood-liquor level - Essay Example By and large, to be allowable the logical proof must have probative worth. To include, the proof must be appeared to have adequate premise to create uniform and sensibly reliable outcomes that impact really to the ascertainment of truth. Like all other criminal cases, the indictment in DUI offenses, have the obligation to demonstrate past the sensible uncertainty that, at the hour of the offense, the charged blood liquor focus was past as far as possible (levinson D 2002). In many purviews, as far as possible range from 0.08% to 1%. Subsequently, it is vital for the indictment to acquire natural examples, for instance, blood, pee or terminated air that would definitively demonstrate that the charged blood liquor level was past as far as possible. Subsequently, measurable proof is principal, to show that the genuine blood level focus, that it surpassed the breaking point. To get the blood liquor fixation, police separates body substances of the speculate which they subject to testing. Be that as it may, in the field, it is unreasonable to acquire and test blood and pee test because of the skill and time required. In this way, police depend on the utilization of breath testing gadgets, (of which breathalyzer is one the different kinds.), since they are anything but difficult to work, exact and solid in the field. The breathalyzer works through testing of the suspect’s lapsed breath or the alveolar air. It works on henry’s law that expresses that at, a consistent temperature and weight, the convergence of a gas that has broken down in a fluid is corresponding to the centralization of the air that is straightforwardly above it. Hence, the alveolar air terminated is as a rule at harmony with blood. Thus, the breathalyzer chips away at the supposition that the liquor fixation in the alveolar air has an immediate relationship with the blood liquor focus, BAC. Upon utilization, liquor is neither processed nor synthetically modified in the course. While th e blood going through the lungs, a portion of the liquor goes through the film and into the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, and it dissipates since it is unstable. In this manner, it blends in with the alveoli air, which is in this manner breathed out. Consequently, the grouping of liquor noticeable all around sacs is proportional to that in that, in the blood. The breathed out air is the one that is recognized by the breathalyzer. The liquor fixation in the alveolar air breathed out is at that point expanded by a factor alluded to as the parcel proportion. This is done to relate the perusing to BAC, through change of the focus estimated in the breath to the coordinating liquor fixation in the blood. The breathalyzer takes a shot at the suspicion that the proportion of the proportion of breath liquor to blood liquor is 2100:1. This implies the fixation in each 2100 ml alveolar air is proportional to that in 1Ml of blood (Begleiter H, Kissin B 1996). The breathalyzer has a mouth pie ce through which the speculate blows the breathed out air and an example of the equivalent goes to the example chamber. What follows is a progression of compound responses. The breathalyzer contains a framework to test the breath of the suspect, 2 glass vials that contain synthetic response blends, and a progression of photocells joined to a meter to that quantifies the shading change that outcomes from the substance response. For viability, the breathalyzer must be regulated by a certified administrator and

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Skills Required For Effective Management

Abilities Required For Effective Management Individual and expert advancement is an orderly arrangement of activities by which an individual upgrades the quality and relevant of expert administrations and individual life also. Achieve MAXIMUM PRODUCTION AND EFFECTIVESS: Supervisors are consistently anxious to learn better approaches to accomplish greatest profitability and adequacy in the association. New advancements help association to create a minimal effort item because of diminished work cost. Oversight and customary visits to the workplace are a need and ought to be booked appropriately. Overseeing representatives at work, making viable methodologies, and associating work process is primary to actualize settlements to improve results. To have validity, a pioneer ought to stay fully informed regarding whatever is going on in the association. Manufacture AND EXERT PROFESSIONAL REPUTATION: Administrators should concentrate on the best way to construct and apply their expert notoriety. A chiefs task is to beaten misfortunes and understand authoritative clashes. His fundamental work is to deal with the indeterminacy in ventures, assemble a strong task group, comprehend and forestall the issues that can disintegrate the group execution, and last yet not the least increment the responsibility level inside groups. Screen AND CONTROL: Worker execution ought to be observed in a successful manner. Hierarchical arrangements and systems ought to be clear. It is essential to talk about and counsel the issues all the time. This encourages the chiefs to distinguish where association is deficient. Surveying and assessing the presentation in various manners and prize your workers is significant, in light of the fact that the intensity of a prize is the most ideal approach to propel representatives. Associations ought to be clear in characterizing progressing objectives to the group and person. Preparing AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS: Mastermind a vocation advancement program for workers for future upgrade. The primary movement is to distinguish the particular occupation execution aptitudes required in your association, assess the thought about students abilities, and create focuses to accomplish, quantifiable information and execution goals dependent on any lack in the association. In the subsequent movement, instructional structure, you settle on, gather and develop the preparation program content including exercise manuals, activities and exercises which offers enthusiasm to the learners towards their work. The third movement is to make prove ventures, in which you ensure that your bugs are worked out of the preparation program by showing it to a little reminiscent crowd. The fourth movement is to execute the program by really preparing the focused on worker gathering. The fifth movement is an assessment, wherein the executives surveys the projects triumphs or disappointments. Build up WORKING KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE: Great pioneers consistently have solid information and experience who includes the enhancements in various regions and better work on the deficiency. On the off chance that the pioneer doesn't hold onto the expertness and information by and by, at that point it wins counsel with specialists working in the division ought to be held. This is a critical to keep up the exactness and the lack in the association. Great DECISION MAKING: Great pioneers utilize their capacity and past encounters to use sound judgment. A pioneer assigns all the conflicting components before settling on any choice. Obvious firm choices, joined with the consistence and adaptability to orchestrate and accommodate choices when vital, and create trust in initiative. The Personal and Professional Skills Required For Your Job Role Fundamental UNDERSTANDING AND SKILLS ABOUT: Understanding your qualities and effectuate your latent capacity is the fundamental method to see the amount you are energetic about learning new things and how to move towards development and investigate the territories strongly in which you are intrigued. Acknowledge what you are passing on to individuals and in what way. This is seen by an acclaimed creator (Robert Greene, 1998) when you attempt to dazzle individuals by words ,the more you state, the more typical you show up ,and less in assurance consequently influential individuals intrigue by saying less, and they keep away from to talk pointlessly. Introduction SKILLS: Speak your powers and vitality by keeping them gathered at their most grounded point. Acing your introduction aptitudes and develop your trust so as to acquire rich mine and mining it underground, at that point by fluttering starting with one retain mine then onto the next force routs broad without fail .When you are searching for wellsprings of influence to assess yourself, locate the one key benefactor, the fat dairy animals who will give you milk for quite a while to come. Choosing the most ideal approach to pass on your message with no vagueness in the material you are introducing. Coordinating your introduction style to crowd needs and disposition. Group BUILDING: Think as you like however act like others. Association is as of now realized how to accomplish its objective by compelling group works which a few associations show group as (Together Everyone Achieve More) which make more enthusiasm and over the top inclination towards their work. SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING ANS SELF MANAGEMENT: Make amazing objective so as to vindicate the core interest. Get familiar with the privileged insights of profitable unwinding. Timetable your time viably and ace the specialty of timing .Never appear to be in hustle, rushing for the most part double-crosses an absence of authority over yourself and after some time. Continuously appear to be persistent, as though you realize that everything will come to you inevitably. Figure out how to remain back when the time isn't yet ready, and to strike angrily when it has reached to satisfaction. Arrange, LEAD AND COORDINATE ACTIVITIES IN AN ORGANIZATION: Develop an individual achievement and your association achievement procedure by mapping up and assessing circumstances. Recognize your drawn out objectives and options; attempt to accomplish offset with the wheel of life. Control your workplace so as to lead and facilitate your hierarchical condition likewise with the goal that you can arrange your stuff in a proficient and in increasingly gainful way. TRUST YOUR OWN ABILITY TO MANAGE: Assess your fitness, style and potential development territories where you would be a multi skilled director or a pioneer for an incredible model for your representatives so this is another approach to hold your representatives and increment their responsibility level of work. Confide in yourself to use sound judgment. Estimation OF LESSON LEARNED: Understanding that in learning you dont consistently get what you pay for, yet you get out what you put in. Guide consistently oversees students learning superior to the students themselves. On the off chance that you have a feeling of experience whatever you have learned up till now and attempt better approaches for getting things done. The characterization of the above aptitudes and movement contributes a compelling method to achieve association and individual objectives and destinations through which an individual and the association get familiar with the craft of administering representatives at work place , and make persuading methodologies to achieve authoritative and individual objectives and beat misfortunes. Supervisors know where the hazard is and how to assemble proficient conspicuousness. Catch the issues spring up in the association and manage the contentions. So as to adjust work, life and family the individual should realize how to screen and control by talking about on the standard premise and locate the lacking zones and hastiness. By considering the correct activity fit posing the correct inquiries, the ideal individual, and the correct structure that attempts to accommodate your way of life. Develop the preparation program content which encourages you to achieve your objectives. Direct assessment meeting by conversing with your present representatives and students who continue gaining from them and see yourself as to deal with their thoughts. Obvious firm choices, joined with the consistence and adaptability to orchestrate and accommodate choices when vital, create trust in initiative. drawing on models from your own administration experience, select three individual aptitudes and three expert abilities, and compose an intelligent assessment of how you have applied these in various administration circumstances, recognizing any self-awareness gives that were raised Individual SKILLS SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING ANS SELF MANAGEMENT: I have figured out how to fabricate certifiable and alluring certainty when I neglected to perceive the significance of time, focus, persistency, resilience level and absence of mindfulness due to less consideration towards my work. So my exercise of disappointments has shown me how to lead and how to regard it as a magnificent learning experience. TRUST YOUR OWN ABILITY TO MANAGE EMOTIONAL STABILITY: Passionate solidness assumes a significant job in everyones life .I recollect when I used to be furious one in loved ones too, where my resilience level was at the low pinnacle season, however subsequent to understanding that season I began acknowledging where I am driving, clearly it was an inappropriate way, so I began to peruse outrage the executives and feelings the board articles and attempted to actualize in each part of my life where I am dangle down the most significant stuff. Proficient SKILLS Great DECISION MAKING: Great organizations consistently know whether supervisors are prepared and accused of obligation regarding the accomplishment of the reports, departmental and hierarchical execution will deal with itself. Great pioneers are outlined by the capacity and past experience to use sound judgment. An individual who is extremely committed to his work assigns all the conflicting elements before settling on any choice, and blends and accommodates choices when vital, create trust in himself. Promise TO GROWTH: At the point when the supervisor is socially astute to the representatives the responsibility towards work will increment and turnover rate will diminish in the association which is studied in 2008 in various organizations and the best organizations take to meet the objective of improving workers encounters, abilities and capacities. Despite the strategic vision of the c

Friday, August 21, 2020

The Making of the Riri Williams Pi Day Video

The Making of the Riri Williams Pi Day Video Outside MIT and Lobby 7 Chris asked to meet with me last fall, in late September. We sat down in an office in MIT Admissions. “For the spring admissions video,” he said, “I basically want to make a two-minute trailer for the new Iron Man with Riri Williams.” This sentence, and the conversation that we had afterward, was what would eventually turn into the video you all saw posted on Tuesday. For those of you that aren’t Xtreme Nerds (and/or don’t particularly follow Marvel), Chris was referring to the (then) recently released  new concept for the Iron Man comic series, a 15 year old black woman from Chicago studying at MIT. She was to take over Tony Stark’s place as the new Iron (wo)Man.   Art from the Iron Man comics A lot of people at MIT were of course ecstatic, and in particular quite enthused that Marvel decided to go into real MIT details, making sure to state that Riri was a resident of Simmons dormitory. Erick made an excellent blog post about it at the time. (I, personally, was confused that they managed to get Simmons right but somehow messed up the MIT motto in the Avengers: Civil War movie :P) Chris and I had a couple more meetings after that first one. He had worked with Loren S. ‘17 in the past for last year’s bb8 droid video and the previous year’s drone video, so he’d already contacted him again to ask him to come aboard for this year’s video as well. Given the much more extensive computer graphics work needed for this year, Chris had another producer in mindCowboy L. ‘20 (yes that’s his real name) who had submitted a video reel he’d made as a part of his application to MIT, and had a YouTube channel including some of his own computer graphics work. Loren, working with the steadicam we borrowed from Student Cable, an MIT group that helps students make professional-level video projects. Cowboy, holding the steadicam for the Lobby 7 footage. Lastly, we needed a cast. Ayomide F. ‘18 came up in a couple discussions we had because she had worked with Latasha in the admissions office previously. Ultimately, she became our lead (and only) actress. Ayomide, featured in some admissions publications sent out to prospective students earlier this year. Ayomide is a junior at MIT (Class of 2018) who studies Chemical Engineering. She’s very active in the MIT community as Panhellenic President, and frequently dances or performs in productions around campus. She danced with Mirchi, MIT’s South Asian fusion dance team, and lives in Maseeh. It was in part because of her acting and performance abilities that we thought she’d be great as Riri, and were even more encouraged when she was eager to take on the role. Ayomide in her Riri Williams outfit that we used in the video, photographed by fellow student Chheangkea I. 17 Now that we had a full team, Chris and I got started working on the actual story of the “trailer” we would have. We based it on the existing Riri introductory comic, and a lot of the fanart that was on tumblr. We’d follow Ayomide as Riri, putting together her Ironheart suit at MIT, and in a bunch of real places at MIT. From there, as the resident Mechanical Engineer, I worked on identifying all the actual locations (particularly labs and machine shops) we could film in, and sent many many emails to many many people asking for their time and permission. We did a lot of filming, and though I knew from the beginning that not everything could possibly fit into the final video, I cried at the loss of several really-frickin-awesome scenes. Probably the one that hurt the most (because it looked the coolest!) was cutting out the glass lab footage that Annie C. ‘18 helped us put together. Fortunately, Chris cut together a quick teaser for fun that includes some of the glass lab shots! Annie and Ayomide in the glass lab.   The actual, final-cut video contains footage from: Simmons dormitory, Lobby 7, Classroom 10-250, the Edgerton Center, the Center for Bits and Atoms’ Machine Shop, the MIT Wind Tunnel, Barker Library, Stu’s office in MIT Admissions, and of course, outside all over the campus. Lastly, all the inside-of-the-mask/HUD shots were taken inside the MIT Admissions office with a green screen background. Outside MIT and Lobby 7 We now live in the future, and you know because the aerial shots of MIT were done by a drone! I really enjoy all the tops of the buses on bustling Massachusetts Avenue, and the bright light over Statait’s surprisingly clean and beautiful footage. When we followed Ayomide while she was walking or moving, we used a steadicam, which (pretty self-explanatory) keeps the camera stable while in motion. That provides the nice cinematic sweep as Ayomide walks into Lobby 7 of MIT (if you look closely you can see me in the background, sitting on the floor and guarding our stuff) (I was the one filming the behind-the-scenes footage, so there’s never any real footage of me doing stuffI’m behind the camera!) Classroom 10-250 10-250 is a classic MIT lecture hall, in the sense that pretty much anyone who’s been a student here in the last 100 years or so has probably had to have class in it at some point. This is because it is big, capable of housing 450 students, and as I learned from this article, one of the most requested lecture halls in the institute, in use 90% of its available time. So, it made perfect sense to make Riri Williams attend lecture herealthough, you can make students go to class, but you can’t make them pay attention, as she demonstrates by half-listening, half-doodling in her notebook in the video. That scene was filmed during a real lecture that was just continuing as normal while we filmed quietly in the background. Dr. Simona Socrate stands at the blackboard, teaching 2.001: Mechanics and Materials. I like this scene a lot because it almost looks made upstereotypical MIT professor surrounded by tons of random equations, cliche. But that’s actually an exam review lecture (if you listen very carefully you can hear the students panicking) and all the students in that class sitting around Ayomide really did need to know all those equations on the board by their exam time the next week! MIT Wind Tunnel, Edgerton Center, and Center for Bits and Atoms Shop The MIT Wind Tunnel was my first excursion into the Aero/Astro department ever, and it was pretty darn cool. Fellow blogger Allan K. ‘17 helped set us up with some of his classmates who were planning to do some aerodynamics testing there, and I was sent on a reconnaissance missionto get the relevant contacts of wind tunnel staff, and see if it was feasible for filming. After confirming that it was possible, Chris, Cowboy, Loren, and Ayomide filmed the torso testing scene there with the help of David Robertson, who manages and maintains the wind tunnel. The Edgerton Center is home to student projects and affiliated with some classes. Ayomide really does know how to weld in real lifea skill she learned as part of D-Lab, a group of courses that aims to teach how to perform engineering in developing countries/settings. Ayomide has access to the Center, and so we chose it as a place where we could take some great shots of metalworking, as well as Ayomide spray-painting at the camera lens (presumably, some part of the suit) outside. The Center for Bits and Atoms  shop is the name of the machine shop on the first floor of the Media Lab, a place where I UROP in real life and Chris was once a research assistant. I had business hours access to the shop, but we needed the help of Mike Skuhersky, a masters student (known affectionately by many as “Blue”) to get us in on the weekend. This was where the torso hologram was filmed. Simmons Dormitory In the process of all the filming, one of the important (and awesome!) people we’d need is Virginia A. ‘18. Virginia is one of my own close friends and an actual resident of Simmons dormitory (Ayomide herself lives in Maseeh, and I live in New House). When I was asking around about rooms in Simmons, she let us use her room for filming Riri’s room. We all greatly appreciated it, and I personally felt it was a cool and important feature of the final video. Including someone like Virginia in the video, even tangentially, meant that although Riri Williams is a fictional MIT black woman, she’s played by a real MIT black woman, directed by a real MIT black woman, and “lives” in a real MIT black woman’s dorm room, something I thought was pretty awesome. It shows that all of Riri’s characteristics can be found, collectively, among all of the black women at MIT, and I’m glad that there’s now an additional story among all the fictional stories where people can witness this identity. Virginia (on the right) and I, being friends :)   Virginias dorm room in Simmons The Release! Editing and getting ready to release the video was probably one of the most strenuous parts of this process for Cowboy and Loren, who worked hard performing amazing video magic to bring our abstract concepts to life. It was strenuous for me and Ayomide because we were supposed to kind of keep this project a secret, and I was itching to tell everyone all the time all over the place, writing 5 blog posts about it in the process. Some of Loren’s CGI work creating the Iron  Man suit Final edits night at the New Media Center with Chris and Loren! There were a lot of things each of us thought were important during the editing process. I wanted to make sure that the engineering portrayed in the video made reasonable, real-life sense. When it came time to color-correct the video, admissions officer Latasha Boyd, seconded by Ayomide, brought up concerns about skin lightening, an unfortunate phenomenon that happens when photo editors are either careless or subconsciously favor lighting and color editing that washes out darker complexions. Cowboy and Loren were hard at work making sure the shadows and lighting of their own CGI creations made sense and were realistic. I was constantly impressed by everyone’s close attention to detail. And then the video was posted, and I got to work writing this blog post, which brings us full circle! Me, performing the less epic looking, but still strenuous(!) work of blagging Riri W. ‘20 Who is Riri Williams? This was a question that we set out to answer, in a way, through our 3-minute video. The inspiration for the storyline came from Marvel, but even before any of the comics were released, people were already excited and talking about the new character. Why? I once took a class called 21G.190: Modern Chinese Fiction and Cinema. Dr. Feng-Mei Heberer, who taught the class, once said, “the effect of a lack of representation is sometimes only visible in the limits of your imagination. Can you imagine an Asian Batman? Why not? How come that thought doesn’t even cross our minds when we think of Batman?” It extends to other areas of lifeis the programmer you think of a Muslim woman? I happen to know quite a few. Is the mechanical engineer you think of an African woman? Can you imagine a biology researcher, who’s also a transgendered man? People were excited about Riri because she opened up the spectrum of imaginationfor people in and outside of the demographic of black women. It makes you think, I can imagine a black, female, mechanical engineerbecause I’ve seen one. It allows people of that demographic to imagine themselves that way, too. Raul B. ‘17 sent an email out to Simmons dormitory the day that the video was posted, notifying his living group of their fictional dorm-mate Riri. “To be a senior,” he said, “and to think that this video can inspire little girls of color to apply and get accepted into MIT. Damn, its really something!” Every type of person is welcome to study at MIT, and there all sorts of different people here. I hope that any combination of a demographic present at MIT and a field of study that we offer is a person we can always imagine. Fanart from buttercookie-art.tumblr.com Riri Williams came to life almost more satisfyingly across the internet and tumblr, and that’s where we drew many of our ideas for the Pi Day video from. Fanart and fanfiction has always made its home in the margins of books, sketching beyond those limits of imagination (and theres an MIT class on that subject, too!) Fanart by blogger alumna  Rachel F. 12, who also drew Riris avatar for when the video was posted as a blog post. Its a young Riri trying to balance an inverse pendulum, which is a classic robotics controls problem! If you happen to create your own, we’d love to see it in the comments! Post Tagged #comics #Pi Day

Monday, May 25, 2020

Business Ethics and the Real Estate - 2942 Words

Business Ethics and the Real Estate (Critical Analysis Template) Name: Jasper Esmalla Class: BUSI 560 Section: Spring 2011 Critical Analysis Topic: Business Ethics and the Real Estate PRINCIPLE: ââ€"† Defined as the standard by which one judges between moral right and wrong (Lawrence Weber, 2011). o Covers every area in the business: - Accounting and financial responsibility - Marketing and advertising - Information Technology ââ€"† Is the application of ethical ideas in the business world. ââ€"† The purpose is to provide guidance to managers and employees to follow company policies and societal laws. ââ€"† Ethical policies and codes can enhance the business’ identity and reputation in the community (Argenti, 2009).†¦show more content†¦Department of Justice – enforces and investigates intellectual property infringements (USDOJ, 2010). o The U.S. President, U.S. Congress, and U.S. Courts – implemented The Civil Rights Act o Representative Howard Smith – added prohibition to discrimination based on sex (Clark, 1991) o Thomas Hernquist – Chairperson of AMA to fight against illegal marketing activity o John F. Kennedy – The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was signed into law o Robert Marjolin – led the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development o Peter Drucker – a business guru who proposed that companies have ethical obligations o Andrew Olson – developed an online archive of ethical codes available to Internet users worldwide (Olson, 1998) o Representative Fritz Lanham – enacted the Lanham or Federal Trademark Act ââ€"† Critics of Ethical Standards: o Milton Friedman -- a Chicago school economist argues that CEOs have only one duty and that is to maximize the profits of a company (Friedman, 1970). o Businesses in developing countries o Small and start-up businesses PERIOD: ââ€"† 1790 – Patent and Trademark Office; signed into law which grants the right to exclude others from making and selling patented inventionsShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Issues Of Real Estate Industry1112 Words   |  5 Pagesas a professional in commercial real estate With the rapid change of the state of society as well as the development of technology, the real estate industry has transformed from traditional form like real estate broker into a systemic, organized industry, which provide the client with valuation; management; consultancy; transaction of real estates, commercial or residential. While the changing patterns of estate agency industry particularly in commercial real estate field, from the development ofRead MoreCase Analysis : Hayes Homes Realty Inc.1359 Words   |  6 Pagesdefines ethics as the discipline of dealing with what is good or bad and with moral duty and obligation. It also defines moral as principals of right and wrong behavior. For research purposes, Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell (2008) defines business ethics as the principles, values, and standards that guide behavior in the world of business. Hayes Homes Realty, Inc is a local real-estate company that tries to abide with all the rules to make sure they are considere d a company that has good business ethicsRead MoreEthics And The Real Estate Field888 Words   |  4 PagesEthics is an ongoing issue when any sales position is in question. 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Ethics are especially important in the activities of skilled or influential professionals, because it protects consumers who depend on and trust themRead MoreEssay On Real Estate Investments936 Words   |  4 PagesReal Estate Investing - Instant Solution To Your Related Problems Investing in real estate is one of the trickiest tasks as it involves a great deal of risk and uncertainty. Some people invest in real estate in order to make a high amount of profits easily and some invest in order to construct their home in the future. Every individual investing in properties has certain goals and aspirations. With the economy facing a downfall, people nowadays are reluctant in investing in real estate propertiesRead MoreEthics and Management in Glengarry Glen Ross: A Study881 Words   |  3 PagesStudent first and last names Course title and number Professors name Due date Ethics Management in Glengarry Glen Ross 1. The management of the real estate office in Glengarry Glen Ross engages in several to arguably, many unethical practices as part of their business. The threat that agents will be fired if they do not make sales is unethical, but not necessarily illegal. It is unethical to put that undue stress on the agents, but more than that, it is unethical to passive aggressivelyRead MoreThe Career Of A Professional Accountant843 Words   |  4 PagesPEP) by fulfilling the eligibility criteria. Ethics are necessary. Now, more than 40 national board of directors of the board of directors of the state will need to apply for a certified public accountant to complete the moral special examination, that is, the requirements of the 1/5 examination. Most of these will be accepted by the AICPA self-study of the certified public accountant professional ethics course or another course of general professional ethics. (d).If you decided to be an accountant asRead MoreCase Study : Property Manage In Africa952 Words   |  4 Pagesthey participate only with their lowest-cost and lowest quality units. In addition, families may be inappropriately restricted in where they can live, Redman and Gullet, (1998). Real estate income is also very important, in Hong Kong contributes up to one third of total government income, while in Nigeria real estate business is taken as a major activity in urban areas particularly in the federal and state capital (Nwuba, 2008). The valuation and property management practice in Mozambique is regulatedRead MoreThe Ethical Issues I May Encounter Whilst Working As A Professional For Commercial Real Estate1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe ethical issues I may encounter whilst working as a professional in commercial real estate. This essay presupposes that the subjects’ career path begins with a period spent studying towards the assessment of professional competence as set out by the RICS governing body; a logical step at the start of a career in commercial real estate. Whilst there is extensive research on problems of ethics in other countries such as that by Bowen (2007), the focus is on a potential career path based in theRead MoreHow For Start A Real Estate Business? Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesHow to Start a Real Estate Business? By Mejason John | Submitted On January 22, 2014 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Mejason John Introduction to the Real Estate Sector: One of the booming

Thursday, May 14, 2020

What Is Economic System - 4361 Words

Table of Content Table of Content 1 TASK 1 2 a) Explanation on economics system attempt to allocate resources effectively. 2 b) Assessment on the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on business organisation and their activities. 9 c) Explain Malaysian competition policy and other regulation that may impact company. 15 TASK 2 17 a) Explanation on how market structures determine pricing and output decision of business. 17 b) Illustration on the way in which market forces shape organisational responses. 20 c) Judgement on how business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of your organisation. 21 Conclusion 22 REFERENCES 23 TASK 1 a) Explanation on economics system attempt to allocate resources effectively. What is economic†¦show more content†¦(Economy Watch) Every economy has their own characteristic. For free market is there are many economic freedoms, there is competition among businesses, competition determines price which increase the quality of the product, economic decisions are made by the basic principles of supply and demand, and profit is the motive for increasing work rather than quotas. Mixed economy Mixed economy is combination from planned and free market economy. This economy system allows the private company use their capital. This economy system allows the government to interfere to the market. The resources are allocated from both the government and the private sector. In this system the freedom in the economic activities are influenced by the Government s regulation and licensing policies. The example of the country that implemented this economy system is Iceland, Sweden, France, and United Kingdom. There are several advantages and disadvantages of the mixed economy system. The advantages are most business and industry can be left to private firms. This is because private firms tend to be more efficient than government controlled firms because they have a profit incentive to cut costs and be innovative. Second is government can pursue policies to provide macro-economic stability. TheShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Four Functions Of An Economic System1942 Words   |  8 PagesSimilarities and Differences PART ONE: Describe the four functions of an economic system. The four functions of an economic system is what to produce, how much to produce, how to produce, and to whom to distribute. What to produce is determined merely by the idea of consumer sovereignty, where in a market working economy, resources are distributed to satisfy most wants. This question is answered by government policy in a planned economic system. How much to produce is determined by consumer demand, where ifRead MoreThe essay is about the pros and cons of various economic systems and the governments influence within them. The title can be stated as: To what extent should the government regulate the economy ?1622 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers and any surplus would pay for programs and factories related to industrialization. He would put down a certain quota that the farmers needed to reach by a certain amount of time. However the farmers were not allowed to take grain away from what they were growing for the state until they met the quota. This led to a massive famine of 19 32-33 in the Ukraine in which millions died. At first the peasants resisted the idea of collective farms and so Stalin purged the land of any that opposed itRead MoreIntroduction A system is a network of parts which interlock to form an overall pattern. An economic1500 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A system is a network of parts which interlock to form an overall pattern. An economic system is a pattern of organisation which is aimed at solving the three central questions discussed in the previous sections. Economic systems do not always work well, but they are often so vast and complicated that it is quiet marvellous that they work at all. Mohr Fourie.(2008. P42). Scarcity is the fundamental challenge confronting all individuals and nations. We cannot always get what we want thatRead MoreEconomics And Immigration : The Economics Of U.s. Immigration Policy964 Words   |  4 PagesEconomics and Immigration Immigration is a topic on everyone s minds these days. With presidential candidates vying for votes in debates and political campaigns, immigration has been talked about quite a bit. But what is truly known about immigration? Since it is such a divisive issue, it is hard to know what is true and what isn’t. Unfortunately, the information most readily available to us comes in the form of opinionated articles and biased speeches by presidential candidates. Because the informationRead MoreWhat Is Economic Freedom?1509 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is economic freedom? In fact, what freedom really means, at its core? In words of Wayne Dyer, â€Å"Freedom means you are unobstructed in living your life as you choose. Anything less is a form of slavery† and according to Franklin Delano Roosevelt â€Å"True individual freedom cannot exist without economic security and independence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Combine the sayings of these two great men and we get the true essence of what it re ally means to have economic freedom. In more technical terms, for an individual to haveRead MoreEquilibrium Price and Quantity, Economic Systems; Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand (Cped); Iv) Income Elasticity of Demand (Ieod);1468 Words   |  6 PagesEconomics Assignment 1 i) Equilibrium price and quantity; The Equilibrium price is set when the supply and demand meet when the quantity demanded by the customer (market demand) and the quantity that the companies (suppliers) are willing to supply the goods/services. For example if you take a look at this graph you can see that at the cross section, where the lines of supply and demand meet, the equilibrium point is shown. This is the â€Å"market clearing price† where supply equals demand. EquilibriumRead MoreCommunism, Capitalism, and Socialism Essay652 Words   |  3 PagesThree different types of economic systems used by governments are Communism, Capitalism, and Socialism. Each type of system is unique in different ways. Each has distinct aspects that make it what it is. In communism, the government runs everything and there are no social classes. The government in capitalism doesn’t interfere with any businesses and lets the citizens own and operate them. Socialism is basically a mixture of the two economic systems. The government runs certain businesses,Read MoreCapitalism: A Superior Economic System Essay example1632 Words   |  7 PagesCapitalism: A Superior Economic System People generally enjoy having money in their possession because it gives them a feeling of power and freedom. Having money gives people the freedom to spend it on what they choose and the power to make more if they wish. Working in order to make money provides people with a sense of independence and pride while learning responsibility. In a world where the majority of people like possessing money and having the opportunity to obtain more of it, the majorityRead MoreMixed Economy vs. Command Economy659 Words   |  3 PagesAn economic system defines how the various entities in an economy interact. People have defined an economic system variously to include government policies, which is very important especially in modern times. Ancient systems were pretty simple. Trade was done using systems like barter trade which was very straight forward. People only exchanged what they had for what they needed, or wanted. However, in modern monetary economies, the setting is quite intricate. Hug e established companies have a lotRead MoreThe Four Main Economic Systems and Their Application in South Africa1426 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction An economic system is a manner of approach which is used at solving the three main questions which are: What goods and services should be produced and the amount? How much of the scarce resource should be utilised and how will the goods and services will produced? For whom should the diverse goods and services be produced for and where will the production take place? Economic systems don’t always work accordingly but often so vast and complicated but on the contrast its working out just

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Charles Darwin And Alfred Wallace - 887 Words

QXT2 Task 2 Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace like so many of their predecessors made observations of natural phenomena that inspired proposals of how life on earth evolved, unlike others these men formed plausible explanations of how the changes in populations occurred without having any knowledge of Mendelian genetics which was presented in 1868, and provided the micro-mechanism for evolution that Darwin could never explain with his theory of Pangenesis. Rather, based solely on the observations each made over time observing different species of populations around the world, both men were able to pen the ideals that would serve as the foundation of the modern theory of evolution. Both Wallace and Darwin explored the proposals that had been set forth by the likes of Lamarck, Lyell, and Thomas Malthus. In 1858 the Linnaean Society of London published the contributions of both Wallace and Darwin, which although had significant differences shared the framework of proposing decent with modification based on natural selection. The principle of natural selection provides the rationale of how changes occur in a species over time. It represents the sum total of all environmental factors exerting pressure on a species. The pressure either benefits an organism that has a favorable variation; triggering a natural advantage to the survival value of that organism/species, or either the pressure exposes weaknesses in an organism/species that has unfavorable variations. UnfavorableShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Evolution By Natural Selection1329 Words   |  6 Pagesonly be favourable for a certain amount of time as species can evolve to suit more successful features. There are three main scientists whose works contributed to the now-orthodox theory of natural selection; Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Lamarck (1744 - 1829) was a French Biologist with a thorough knowledge of medicine and botany. He also recognised the similarities of species and came to the assumption that â€Å"life was not fixed (Florida StateRead MoreCharles Darwin : A Man Of Science926 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Darwin was born on the 12th of February in 1809 in Shrewsbury, England to a prominent family of nobility. His father was a doctor and his grandfather Erasmus Darwin who was renowned scientist know for his work in biology. With influence from his grandfather and other scientist before him Charles would theorize evolution. Erasmus had published journals (including Zoonomia) which established the ideas of changes in species, completion, and sexual selection, and although he little evidenceRead MoreThe Scientific Theory Of Science And Technology1449 Words   |  6 Pagesworld driven by technology and science. Science is crucial because it has helped form the world that we live in today. Charles Robert Darwin was an English geologist and naturalist, best known for his significant addition to the science of evolution. He had a theory that all species have inherited traits over time from common ancestors, and in a partnership with Alfred Russel Wallace introduced his scientific theory that this pattern of evolution resulted from an action that he called natural selectionRead MoreThe Theory Of Science And Technology1454 Words   |  6 Pagesworld driven by technology and science. Science is crucial because it has helped form the world that we live in today. Charles Robert Darwin was an English geologist an d naturalist, best known for his significant addition to the science of evolution. He had a theory that all species have inherited traits over time from common ancestors, and in a partnership with Alfred Russel Wallace introduced his scientific theory that this pattern of evolution resulted from an action that he called natural selectionRead MoreDefining Religion Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagesnight can be regarded as an experience of the hand of God in nature. Question 2 Alfred Russel Wallace was a naturalist, evolutionist, geographer, anthropologist, social critic and a theorist and if ever a scientist didnt get his fair share of the glory, it was him. Alfred Russell Wallace was the co-founder the theory of natural selection with Charles Darwin, but although Wallace enjoyed some sort of recognition during his own lifetime, his contributions were largely Read MoreCharles Darwin: Naturalist and Leader in Science1414 Words   |  6 PagesUzzi and Dunlap’s How to Build Your Network (Uzzi, 2005) to assess Charles Darwin’s influence as a non-positional leader. I will also show a historical analysis, including my reasons for choosing Darwin as my subject, his background, the success and failures of his influence, as well as his legacy. Finally, I will submit my vision of non-positional leadership and mechanisms for leaders to explore their non-positional roles. Charles Darwin’s influence uses some of Gardner’s â€Å"levers† or factors thatRead MoreThe Origin of The Species by Charles Darwin Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesDarwinism is a theory developed by Charles Darwin with the help of many others. It states that natural selection is the most common cause of evolution. All species of organisms arise and grow through the natural selection of inherited variations that help increase the individuals ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. 1735 Carolus Linnaeus: He believed that God had created the world in a divine order from the simplest creatures up to human beings. He said God created struggle andRead More Evolution and The Island of Doctor Moreau1437 Words   |  6 Pages so the word was around in Darwins time, but Darwin never used it in the sense we use it today. It was added later by others, including Herbert Spencer, who is responsible for the theory we call Social Darwinism. This theory is misnamed; it is not based on Darwins work, but Spencers. Darwin did not come up with his theory out of nowhere. Like anyone else who has made discoveries, he was influenced by others. For quite a long time before Darwin, people didnt look beyond the Biblical creationRead MoreDr. Charles. Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 Pages Dr. Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist. He is best known for his contributions to the theory of evolution. He stated that all species have descended over time from common ancestors. With his joint publication with Alfred Russell Wallace he introduced the process called natural selection. Darwin published his theory of evolution in 1859 with a book, On the Origin of Species; many people rejected his idea of natural selection and his theory of evolution. By the 1870’s theRead MoreNatural Selection And The Theory Of Evolution1536 Words   |  7 Pageswere just two of the things that Charles Darwin conquered through the exploration of The Galapagos Island. Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in Shrewsbury, England. While Darwin was still in high school, his main interest was nature, he was especially interested in beetles. Darwin’s father, Robert Darwin, who was best known as the father of the naturalist Charles Darwin, wanted Charles to become a doctor. Due to lack on interest in the medicine field, Charles went into Cambridge University to

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Censorship in Australia Essay Example For Students

Censorship in Australia Essay No society has ever existed, as far as we know, which has not exercised some form of censorship over the conduct and opinions of its members Good morning teachers and students. Censorship by the government infringes upon the rights of the individual and inhibits freedom of expression. Now, censorship is a broadly used term so what exactly IS censorship? Well, censorship is defined by the Australian Macquarie Dictionary as the actions of a censor that is, an official who examines books, plays, news reports, films, radio programs (and more recently the internet), for the purpose of suppressing parts deemed objectionable on moral, political, military or other grounds. Censorship has been around since the beginning of time. It has been used as a tool to control what others have access to. In Australia today, we are supposedly guaranteed the rights of freedom of speech and freedom of the press by our constitution. Yet censorship still exists. We are told censorship is necessary, but at wh at cost? National security and public interest, are these valid reasons? Why must the government decide what is best for me to read or watch in a cinema or in the privacy of my own home? Sure, we must protect our youth, but that is a parents responsibility, not the governments. I can understand censorship based upon national security; we cant go around selling all of our secrets without a major threat to our government and our way of life. Censorship is a way of controlling the population. This is exactly why we have laws that forbid random censorship. Some censorship is necessary in every culture, but only a minimal amount is required. Australians love freedom. The rest of the world regards us as one of the most liberal nations, which is why restrictive censorship is so out of place here. Censorship is a way of limiting the freedom we so love. Censorship affects everybody on a both direct and indirect level everyday. Whether it is at the newsagent, cinemas, music store or the votin g booths. When the boundaries of government censorship start to inhibit freedom of expression and information, the definition of a democratic society is challenged. We will write a custom essay on Censorship in Australia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A majority of the censorship I have run into in my lifetime is due to my age. The government determined some years ago that myself and minors in general were not mature or old enough to deal with certain subjects and thus forbade us from obtaining these certain pieces of material. Aside from this I believe myself and the Australian public have been very fortunate in our academic freedom. Compared to other places in the world we have a very wide access to material from all over from a wide variety of points of view. One of the greatest aspects of life, without any doubt, must be the process of learning and acquiring information. Beyond simple facts, this allows an individual to better understand the world around them in all its different aspects and to better appreciate the diversity of existence. For these reasons censorship poses a serious threat to both the individual person and to society as a whole for it obstructs the search for all knowledge and is detrimental to a complete und erstanding of life as we know it. Within any nation it is in the best interests of its citizens to allow all ideas and information to be free from any restrictions and prohibitions. Free speech eliminates the possibility of one group imposing its own values and judgments upon another and instead creates a society of free thinking individuals, who, as a whole, can work together for the benefit of all. .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6 , .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6 .postImageUrl , .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6 , .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6:hover , .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6:visited , .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6:active { border:0!important; } .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6:active , .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6 .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9b3a0c6cbc50b1033fc22f67647682b6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why Abortion Should Be Illegal EssayThe freedom to read is essential to the democratic way of life. But today, that freedom is under attack. Private groups and public authorities everywhere are working to remove both books and periodicals from sale, to exclude certain books from public schools, to censor and silence magazines and newspapers, and to limit access to controversial books and periodicals to the general public. The suppression of reading materials is suppression of creative thought. However or whenever these attacks occur, they usually fall into at least one of the following categories: Religion, Violence, Race, Drugs, Sex or Inappropriate Adolescent Behaviour. All of these categories relate in some form or another to the issue of obscenity. What IS obscenity? Clearly something hard to talk about from an objective point of view. Obscenity is difficult to discuss honestly. After all, what makes a thing obscene? It is something too vague perhaps to be defined. Its an elusive term we use, but cant explain. Different people will always see things differently. This is human nature. Some see obscenity in nude pictures, statues, paintings, etc while others find obscenity in completely different things. All the same, obscene isnt the same as wrong or bad. The whole premise of obscenity relies on individual opinion. Recently we have been hearing a lot about the need for censorship of television and recording industries. Whether it is the cartoon Southpark, the controversial American television program Sex and the City or rap recording artists, someone always seems to arguing about their negative effects on society and the need for government regula tion. Being a fan of rap, I am particularly interested in issues effecting regulation of the recording industry and rap artists. Popular gangsta rappers include Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg Tupac Shakur, Ice Cube, and Eminem (aka Slim Shady). Many are outraged at the explicit lyrics of the songs and the lifestyles of these artists. Snoop Doggy Dog and Tupac Shakur are two of the most publicized gangsta rappers whose songs contain explicit lyrics and who have been indicted for criminal activities. I was once given a piece of advice when watching a particularly gory movie with my father in one of my younger years. He said to me If you dont like it, dont look at it, and I believe this applies to all facets of society that are affected by censorship whether in relation to film, literature or audio material. Nobody in our society is told what to watch, listen to or partake in, therefore it should only be fair that nobody is told what they cant watch, cant listen to or cant partake in. Our world is not perfect. We are a world filled with violence, sex, racism etc. Certain literature like hard-core or unclassified pornography should be censored to children. These types of explicit sex truly have no place in front of the eyes of kids. In extreme cases some of this literature degrades the human race by inciting physical, mental and sexual abuse against women, animals, and sometimes against men and should not be viewed full stop. These examples however are in the extreme minority. To make a tree grow correctly, you must start caring from the very beginning. You must not block itsnutrients, water nor sunlight, but allow it to move around a bit. Our society needs to be treated in the same fashion. There should indeed be ready access to information, but in varying degrees of freedom, determined not by censorship, but by controlled access. The government is trying to protect the population from the harsh realities of life through censorship of information, but are they really helping, or are they hindering by restricting the individuals freedom to information in a supposedly democratic nation? Make up your own mind.. its freedom of choiceBibliography:

Monday, April 6, 2020

20 surefire tips for using bullets like a pro - Emphasis

20 surefire tips for using bullets like a pro 20 surefire tips for using bullets like a pro Bullet points can bring clarity to an otherwise dense report, delivering quickfire information. But overuse them and you could shoot yourself in the foot – too many can make a document very hard to read. There are 20 bullet points in this article. Take each of them on board next time you draft a document and youll be formatting like a pro in no time. Why use bullets? Bullet points are great for communicating information and breaking up text. For example, they can: make lists clearer, as they are more visual use white space well grab attention by drawing the readers eye help readers scan information reduce word count. When to use bullets Bullet lists always need an introduction (like this one) and are good for: concise web content conveying key information breaking down complex lists summarising main points giving instructions. Bullets can be particularly useful in technical writing. In our experience, theyre popular with scientists and engineers, who sometimes even have a tendency to overuse them as a substitute for structured prose. Historians and policy makers, on the other hand, tend to prefer more connected text, and in some cases dont even use bullets at all. So, how do you strike a good balance? Just remember that they should be the exception, not the rule. They cant draw the readers eye if theyre everywhere, so reserve them for your hardest hitting, most concise points. When to dodge the bullets As a general rule, readers dont like bullet points when: there are too many or  the points are too long they are used for unimportant details the story is emotive or involved and so needs connected text (T)he punctuation is erratic and distracting(;) some of them are very much longer than others and it’s difficult to really see what the point of this particular type of bullet point is – in fact when the writer is just rambling on and simply wasting the reader’s time (annoying, isn’t it?). How to punctuate bullets There are various different styles of punctuating bullet points, and no hard-and-fast rules on the right way to do it. The most important thing is to have a consistent style across your organisation.  At Emphasis, for example, we use two different styles. When the bullet points are not full sentences (as in this article so far), we use: lower case no punctuation a full stop after the final bullet if it ends the sentence (as this one does). However, if were using bullet points for a list of complete sentences: We use a capital letter at the start of each one. And we end each one with a full stop. So there you have it, 20 bullets to help you hit your writing targets. Do you have a preferred style? Do you want to come clean as a bullet-point addict or phobic? Wed like to hear what you think – join the discussion below. How to use bullet points effectively is just one of the many topics we typically cover in our in-company courses and courses for individuals.

Sunday, March 8, 2020

intelligentsia essays

intelligentsia essays The Intelligentsia within Russia began as early as December 14, 1825 when the Decembrists were put down at the hands of loyalist troops commanded by Nicholas I. From the tragedy that befell the Decembrists, a movement would spring forth that would strive for a Russia where justice and equality were rights to be had by all. After the Decembrists movement occurred, Nicholas severely punished or hung people involved with the movement. The movement for equality then went underground but was kept alive by writers of the period such as Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy. The writings of these authors were very influential upon a class of people that had not existed under Russian laws of the time. These people were known as raznochintsy, or people of other ranks. It was these people who formed the Intelligentsia. The Intelligentsia started radical because of Nicholas policies towards dissenters. Nicholas did not tolerate any ideas that were contrary to his own very well. This changed under Alexander II for a time. Alexander made many changes but progress slowed after an assassination attempt on him by a student named Karakozov. The reactions of the government after the attempt fueled the radicals actions. This was because many of the people who had benefited from reforms found the benefits cut off as a result of the reaction to the assassination. Within the Intelligentsia, there were two schools of thought on what goals the Intelligentsia should follow. The first movement was the Westernizers. This group believed that Russia should follow a course akin to the European states. The Westernizers believed in the Petrine reforms. The second movement was the Slavophiles. They believed in an appreciation of the peasantry and that they represented the core of Russia along with orthodoxy beliefs. The intelligentsia went on to accede to the radic ...

Friday, February 21, 2020

Self-Portrait by Chuck Close and Sunday on La Grande Jatte by Georges Research Paper

Self-Portrait by Chuck Close and Sunday on La Grande Jatte by Georges Seurat - Research Paper Example In the â€Å"Self-Portrait† by Chuck Close, the compositional structure appears to consist of subject within a glass or a glassy texture bearing diagonal grid. The grid frame exhibits patterns of intersecting line segments forming tiny squares which carry with them specific details of color and shape. Each square making the diagonal grid of the human face may be observed to encapsulate a somewhat abstract irregular form with a set of colors distinct from the rest yet as a whole, the unique pieces converge to unify into a focus that lies somewhere in the plane that connects the substance of the eyes to the lower portion of the face. One recognizes the finite sense of continuity in the balanced wholeness of the portrait that evokes a character of calm insight as seen through the composition of the eyes and the presence of symmetry indicating how the artist strives to attain an ideal head pose and tilt that introduces the confidence of the figure to the audience. Apparently, the glassy effect neutralizes the rather rigid and rough-looking facial profile as sustained by the quality of light in perspective as well as the mild blend of shades. Chuck Close’s â€Å"Self-Portrait† speaks to the viewer in a way that communicates the essence of parts in an approach that signifies how the coming of captured irregularities may proceed to establish logic and meaning of the art in-toto. On the other hand, while the work of Close in â€Å"Self-Portrait† takes on a modern concept, the creation of â€Å"Sunday on La Grande Jatte† by Georges Seurat tends to remind a critical viewer of an art in the period of Neo-impressionism. Strokes of subtle and sublime impressions are projected in each figure where Seurat occurs to refine all curves and lines to the mood of a carefree Sunday just as how the thematic time and space is ideally imagined. Softness among elements in texture, color, and movement implies rhythm of pure order and smooth gestures tha t send the painting adrift to a valuable social dimension which flourishes one’s concrete thought of a light afternoon day in which the chief subject is leisure. â€Å"Sunday on La Grande Jatte† as it is exudes richness in classic attitude that can be dated back to the Renaissance wherein the equilibrium existing between emotion and intellect in the characters of the composition is highly manifested in the spatial arrangement of literal forms which go well with the aspect of meticulously blended hues. Within Seurat’s frame, the look and feel of landscape is poignant much as the sight of fashion in French women’s late 19th century clothing and demeanor that reflect through the image of hats, long ballooning skirts, and fancy umbrellas of common design featured with even distribution across the scenery. Compared to Close’s â€Å"Self-Portrait† which seems to represent the notion of individualism and centered at pondering on the man’s mo dern expression, Seurat’s â€Å"Sunday on La Grande Jatte† promotes the value of having company, a symbol of mutual affection, so that the principle of focal point in this case is applied in a manner that renders one to look around and examine the painting’s context from the inside out. It would feel as if Close’s theme, on the contrary, draws the inspecting task from the outside going in since the external with all the minute significant details are initially scattered for the view to collect the parts of the work into the

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Inter-Professional Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Inter-Professional Practice - Essay Example I am further hoping to increase my networking skills to enable me to relate better with others and to stay informed in advance. The way I will achieve these goals is by trusting myself more and not holding back when I feel I need to express myself. To develop my assertiveness, I will challenge myself by pursuing risk. To avoid being directed by others, I will have to train myself to be stronger and to stand my ground. This will also allow me to express my opinion more confidently. To avoid internal distractions, I will train myself to focus more on the subject and less on the contextual emotions at play. The risks I will pursue will include taking a more proactive role, not only in groups, but also in classes. This will require and also allow me to push my limits. To improve my networks, I will build a better rapport with group members. I will engage with them at a personal level and establish contacts with them. I am familiar of some of the barriers that I will face that will make it difficult for me to achieve my goals. I am influenced and held back. I tend to become distracted easily and this will interfere with my listening skills. Low levels of confidence in myself will bar my assertiveness endeavours and my desire to network. The barrier to developing self-confidence is in turn a fear of being judged. To overcome being influenced, I will have to assess what caused me to be influenced or held back and prepare myself for similar scenarios in future. I will need to improve my self esteem and overcome other barriers to self-confidence by training myself to pay less attention to judgement by others. Improving my self-confidence will then allow me to become more assertive and to form more networks. To overcome distractions during listening, I plan to train myself to pay attention first during small forums and increase the size with progress. I also plan to eliminate distractions by removing them and reintroducing

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Comparing leadership styles and techniques

Comparing leadership styles and techniques This study will show and conclude whether or not this statement is indeed accurate or just another theoretical belief or ideology amongst between theorist. In this essay we will look at the meaning of both management and leadership, how they differ in concept and in style, and finally conclude whether or not this statement is indeed accurate. What is leadership? Moorhead and Griffin (1998) define leadership as both a process and property. They say, as a process leadership involves the use of non-coercive influence to direct and coordinates the activities of group members to meet a goal, and a property they describe leadership as a set of characteristics attributed to those who those who are perceived to use such influence successfully. According to Moorhead Griffin (1998), Management requires an understanding of human behavior, to help managers better comprehend those at different levels in the organization, those at the same level, those in other organization, and themselves. Management is the planning, organizing, leading and controlling of organizational resources both effectively and efficiently in order to ultimately achieve goals set out by an organization (Moorhead Griffin, 1998; Adair, 2003). Differences between leadership and management: Adair (2003) says, Leadership and management are not the same. In industry and commerce they should go together. In government we often think of political leadership and public service management, but the latter also requires high-quality leadership. Adair (2003) then continues to list the following; Leadership is about giving direction, building teams and inspiring others by example and word. You can be appointed a manager but you are not a leader until your personality and character, your knowledge and your skill in performing the functions of leadership are recognized and accepted by the others involved. This is a very fundamental difference. (Adair, 2003; Moorhead Griffin, 1998) Leadership and change go together. Managing in the form of running an organization is more appropriate where there is not much change going on. When change is endemic, as it often is nowadays, managers must learn how to lead it. Pg 71 Managing entails the proper and efficient use of resources- good administration. Good leaders care about administration, the less good ones dont. Management has the overtone of carrying out objectives laid down by someone else. Moreover, there is nothing in the concept of management which implies inspiration, creating teamwork when it isnt there, or setting an example. When it is the case that inspiration and teamwork exist, you may well have managers who are in effect leaders, especially if they are the source of the inspiration. But it is unfortunately more often the case that management does not ring bells when it comes to people. Other distinctive differences pointed out by (Adair, 2003) include Direction: A leader will find a ways forward. He or she will generate a sense of direction. That may involve identifying new objectives, new products or services and new markets Inspiration: Leadership is linked to inspiration. The words and example of a leader kindle motivation Building teams: A leader tends to think naturally in terms of team. Groups of individuals are transformed into teams. Equally, teams tend to look for leaders rather than bosses. Example: Leadership is example. A leader will have his or her own output or direct contribution to the common task, thereby leading from the front Acceptance: You can be appointed a manager, but you are not really a leader until your appointment is ratified in the hearts and minds of those who work with you. An article by Murray, C. (2010) states and lists the following, the managers job is to plan, organize and coordinate. The leaders job is to inspire and motivate. In his 1989 book On Becoming a Leader, Warren Bennis composed a list of the differences: The manager administers; the leader innovates. The manager is a copy; the leader is an original. The manager maintains; the leader develops. The manager focuses on systems and structure; the leader focuses on people. The manager relies on control; the leader inspires trust. The manager has a short-range view; the leader has a long-range perspective. The manager asks how and when; the leader asks what and why. The manager has his or her eye always on the bottom line; the leaders eye is on the horizon. The manager imitates; the leader originates. The manager accepts the status quo; the leader challenges it. The manager is the classic good soldier; the leader is his or her own person. The manager does things right; the leader does the right thing. Moorhead Griffin (1998) set out the following table to illustrate the distinction between management and leadership. Activity Management Leadership Creating an agenda Planning and Budgeting. Establishing details steps and timetables for achieving needed results; allocating the resources necessary to make those needed results happen Establishing direction. Developing a vision of the future, often the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision Developing a human network for achieving the agenda Organizing and staffing. Establishing some structure for accomplishing plan requirements, staffing that structure with individuals, delegating responsibility and authority for carrying out the plan, providing policies and procedures to help guide people, and creating methods or systems to monitor implementation Aligning people. Communicating the direction by words and deeds to all those whose cooperation may be needed to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity Executing plans Controlling and problem solving. Monitoring results vs. plan in some detail, identifying deviations, and then planning and organizing to solve these problem Motivating and inspiring. Energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic, and resource barriers to change by satisfying very basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs Outcomes Produces a degree of predictability and order and has the potential to consistently produce major results expected by various stakeholders (e.g. .for customers, always being on time; for stockholders, being on budget) Produces change, often to a dramatic degree, and has the potential to produce extremely useful change (e.g. , new products that customers want, new approaches to lobar relations that help make a firm more competitive) Another way of which leadership and management could be distinguished is through different styles, Management has three main categories of styles: autocratic, paternalistic and democratic. Autocratic (or authoritarian) managers like to make all the important decisions and closely supervise and control workers. Managers do not trust workers and simply give orders (one-way communication) that they expect to be obeyed. This approach derives from the views of Taylor as to how to motivate workers and relates to McGregors theory X view of workers. This approach has limitations (as highlighted by other motivational theorists such as Mayo and Herzberg) but it can be effective in certain situations. For example. When quick decisions are needed in a company (e.g. in a time of crises), when controlling large numbers of low skilled workers. Paternalistic managers give more attention to the social needs and views of their workers. Managers are interested in how happy workers feel and in many ways they act as a father figure (pater means father in Latin). They consult employees over issues and listen to their feedback or opinions. The manager will however make the actual decisions (in the best interests of the workers) as they believe the staffs still need direction and in this way it is still somewhat of an autocratic approach. The style is closely linked with Mayos Human Relation view of motivation and also the social needs of Maslow. Democratic style of management will put trust in employees and encourage them to make decisions. They will delegate to them the authority to do this (empowerment) and listen to their advice. This requires good two-way communication and often involves democratic discussion groups, which can offer useful suggestions and ideas. Managers must be willing to encourage leadership skills in subordinates. The ultimate democratic system occurs when decisions are made based on the majority view of all workers. However, this is not feasible for the majority of decisions taken by a business- indeed one of the criticisms of this style is that it can take longer to reach a decision. This style has close links with Herzbergs motivators and Maslows higher order skills and also applies to McGregors theory Y view of workers. Leadership styles include the following Transformational leadership Is the set of abilities that allow the leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change, and to execute that change effectively. (Moorhead Griffin, 1998) Charismatic leadership A charismatic leadership style is a type of influence based on the leaders personal charisma. (Moorhead Griffin, 1998) Conclusion: Despite all these differences one has to take note that in this new economy its nearly impossible to distinguish between the two as they both overlap one another and work hand in hand, in other words they complement each other, as Murray A, (2010) points out that there was a time when the calling of the manager and that of the leader could be separated. A foreman in an industrial-era factory probably didnt have to give much thought to what he was producing or to the people who were producing it. His or her job was to follow orders, organize the work, assign the right people to the necessary tasks, coordinate the results, and ensure the job got done as ordered. The focus was on efficiency. But in the new economy, where value comes increasingly from the knowledge of people, and where workers are no longer undifferentiated cogs in an industrial machine, management and leadership are not easily separated. People look to their managers, not just to assign them a task, but to define for th em a purpose. And managers must organize workers, not just to maximize efficiency, but to nurture skills, develop talent and inspire results. But if pressed for and answer one would have to agree with the statement as we are facing difficult times with the worldwide recession and collapse of economies (i.e. Greece, Iceland), and where there is great uncertainty amongst workers, you will find that people are looking out for leaders to navigate them through these troubled times, so there on would justifiably concur with the rationale. As (Adair, 2003) states, Although a natural leader instinctively tries to change and improve things, his or her efforts will, not bear much fruit unless external and internal change is effecting the organization- technological, social, economic, political and cultural change. Industry and commerce, and for that matter public services too, must now operate in a climate of almost constant change, stronger international competition and higher uncertainty. All that explains why the concept of leadership has once again come to the fore. Leaders like change; its in their chosen element. Managers, by contrast, have traditionally preferred to run organizations as machines. They are happiest in a stead state environment where nothing is rocking the boat.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Decision In Paradise Essay example -- decision paradise Business

Decisions in Paradise As stated in Decisions in Paradise I, Kava has struggled with many obstacles that have prevented this country from becoming a beautiful and a well- known paradise attraction. At this portion of the project, AJA Consulting Firm would like to continue our vision by establishing a greater presence in Kava. Critical thinking is an important part of the decision making process which is essential to ensure decisions are well thought out and possibly prevent individuals from making bad decisions or mistakes that could be costly and in some instances, deadly. No matter what kind of decision an individual makes critical thinking is a very useful tool. Our proposal will display critical thinking skills learned and present a portion of the nine step decision- making techniques to find possible solutions to those problems and how those solutions could affect the island of Kava. At this time, the stakeholders need information to make a sound judgment concerning the project. Several tools are available to gather statistics that will assist stakeholders in determining if the project risks are worth the investment. To start, an individual would need to know who the stakeholders are. A stakeholder may be defined as an individual who perceives themselves as someone having an interest in the actions of the organization such as customers, shareholders, employees, or members of a community. By identifying the stakeholders, the project planners can study the individual or group concerns through a stakeholder analysis. De Kluyver and Pearce state that a stakeholder analysis is "the process of identifying and prioritizing key stakeholders, assessing their needs and concerns, and incorporating their ide... ...king a problem through. The individual will have self gratification knowing that a decision was not made in haste and to know that all angles and possible avenues have been explored from understanding what point he is trying to convey. Learning to think critically can help an individual avoid buying into fallacies and limited thinking. When one applies critical thinking to the decision making process, one is less likely to end up making a poor decision. References De Kluyver, C., Pearce, J. (2006) What is strategy. Strategy: A View from the Top (An Executive Perspective) (pp. 1-14). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006). Critical Thinking: Tools for Taking Charge of Your Learning and Your Life (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Enager Industries Ltd Essay

Introduction Enager Industries Ltd (Enager) was a relatively young company whom manufactured and produced products/services within three divisions- Consumer Products, Industrial Products and Professional Services. Consumer Products, the oldest among the three divisions in Enager, designed, manufactured and marketed a line of houseware items. Industrial Products built one -of -a- kind machine tools to customer specifications. Professional Services, the newest among the three, provided several kinds of engineering services and this division had grown rapidly because of its capability to perform â€Å"environmental impact† studies. Each division was treated as an essentially independent company but all new project proposals requiring investment in excess of $1,500,000 had to be reviewed by the Chief Financial Officer, Henry Hubbard. Analysis Carl Randall, Enager’s president, had transformed the three distinctly separate divisions from being treated as profit centers into investment centers in 1992 at the urging of Henry Hubbard. The change enabled the three divisions to use ROA (Return on Assets) as a performance measure of the success of each division. The ROA was defined to be the division’s net income divided by its total assets the division used to generate its profits. The net income for a division was calculated by taking the division’s â€Å"direct income before taxes†, subtracting the division’s share of corporate administrative expenses and its share of income tax expenses. On the other hand, the total assets of a division was calculated by taking the division’s assets, including receivables and the allocated corporate-office assets, including the centrally controlled cash account, based on the basis of divisional revenues. In addition, all fixed assets were recorded at their balance sheet values- original cost less accumulated straight line depreciation. Based on these calculation techniques, the sum of divisional net income and assets were equal to the corporate net income and assets respectively. Hubbard believed that a company like Enager should have a gross return on assets, defined as equal to earnings before interest and taxes divided by assets, of at least 12 percent, given the interest rates the company had had to pay on its debt. He told each division manager that  the division was to try to earn a gross return of 12 percent and new investment proposals would have to show a return of at least 15 percent in order to be approved. The company had managed to increase its ROA from 5.2 percent to 5.7 percent and its gross return from 9.3 percent to 9.5 percent from 1991 to 1992. However, several issues arose with regard to this new method. First, there was a problem occurred between Sarah McNeils, the product development manager of Consumer Products Division, and Hubbard while her new proposal demonstrated a return of thirteen percent (calculated in Exhibit 1) at different point of selling prices and units, however, it was rejected by Hubbard because it did not meet the 15 percent return he had set for all divisions. Another problem that arose within Enager was between the Industrial Products Division, and the president. The problem occurred when the president was unsatisfied with the ROA of Industrial Products Division and tried to put pressure on the general manager of the division. A conflict arose between them when the division manager argued that the division could have achieved a better ROA if they had a lot of old assets as Consumer Products Division did. Furthermore, in 1993, ROA fell from 5.7 percent to 5.4 percent and gross return dropped from 9.5 percent to 9.4 percent. However, at the same time, return on sales rose from 5.1 percent to 5.5 percent and return on owners’ equity also increased from 9.1 percent to 9.2 percent. Comparing the performance based on ROA in this year, Professional Services Division exceeded the 12 percent gross return target; Consumer Products Division’s gross ROA was 10.8 percent; the Industrial Products Division’s gross ROA was only 6.9 percent. The president was disappointed and puzzled about the results of ROA in 1993. I recognize that these problems were mainly resulted from inefficient use of ROA (Return on Assets) as a performance measurement method in Enager. Firstly, the president and the CFO should not set a target gross ROA rate of  15 percent for three different divisions that were obviously operating in different industries–Consumer Products Division produced a line of high volume low cost houseware items; Industrial Products Division was a large â€Å"job shop† who built one-of- kind machine tools to customer specifications, and Professional Services mainly provided engineering services. The three divisions had different amount of assets, nature of business and profitability and it is unreasonable to compare them with a fixed target rate of ROA. Second, the executives were making a mistake by using balance sheet values when calculating the fixed assets of each division. This had disadvantaged the divisions that contained more new assets with lesser depreciation values since ROA would be reduced due to a larger denominator resulted from higher values in assets. The president did not understand the comment from the manager of Industrial Products Division about the older a division’s assets would result in a higher ROA. And it was unfair to measure a division’s success based on the age of a division’s assets, and consequently, this would frustrate the manager in a division with a lot of new assets. Third, it was unreasonable to allocate corporation’s assets and expenses to divisional assets and net income based on revenue generated by the division. For example, if Professional Services Division was earning more than other two divisions, Professional Services’ return would be reduced by this inaccurate allocation method while more allocated corporate expenses would decrease the numerator and more allocated corporate assets would increase the denominator of the ROA calculation, subsequently, the ROA would not fully reflect division’s true performance. Recommendation and ImplementationCurrently, Enager is using ROA as a method of performance evaluation of the three divisions. As previously illustrated, this is an inefficient use of ROA since total divisional assets and net income are influenced by varying components. ROA in its current form does not paint an accurate picture of the overall performance of the company. For example, division contains more assets is obviously disadvantaged since their ROA would be subsided by a larger amount of denominator. In addition,  the company could not yield the highest revenues by setting a benchmark ROA rate in which all divisions are encouraged to attain. For example, McNeils’ proposal was rejected because it did not meet the 15 percent return required by Hubbard. However, McNeil’s proposal demonstrates a return of 13 percent, and favourable residual income at any point under the 13 percent Weighted Average Capital Cost. Enager had missed the opportunity to increase the earnin gs per share of the company due to incorrectly setting a target rate for all three divisions. The company could choose an alternative measure of divisional performance such as Balanced Scorecard. Balanced Scorecard is a performance measurement system which measures a division’s activities in terms of its goals and strategies rather than a ratio like ROA. The management could obtain a broad-based view of the performance of a division from both divisional financial and non financial elements. In establishing the Balanced Scorecard, executives must choose a mix of measurements that accurately reflect the important factors that will determine the success of the divisional strategy; show the relationships among the individual measures in a cause-and-effect manner; and provide a comprehensive view of the current condition of the division. The Balanced Scorecard promotes a balance among different strategic measures in an effort to achieve goal congruence, thus fostering employees to act in the organization’s best interest. If Enager were to use Balanced Scorecard, divisions would be able to have the same profit objectives by focusing on the same goals of the company but not just focusing on a fixed target return rate. For example, by introducing Balanced Scorecard, this would allow McNeils to carry out her proposal that would benefit the company as a whole but may have a lowering impact on her divisional ROA. Another advantage of Balanced Scorecard, unlike ROA, is that the comprehensive value of the division is reflected in this method. This allows executives of Enager to better compare between divisions operated in different industries since the performance measurement system takes different perspectives such as financial, customer, internal business and innovation of the division into account. After analyzing the two alternatives I recommend that Enager implement  Balanced Scorecard method for their division performance measures. I feel that ROA reduces the comparability between divisions, limits expansion for the company and the individual divisions, and consequently it does not provide fair performance measurements for divisions and the company. For example, ROA fell from 5.7 percent to 5.4 percent from 1992 to 1993 but at the same time, return on sales rose from 5.1 percent to 5.5 percent and return on owners’ equity also increased from 9.1 percent to 9.2 percent. This suggests that ROA does not fully depict the true performance of the company. Balanced Scorecard, on the other hand, is a better method for Enager for assessing divisional performance because it effectively depicts performance from financial and non-financial perspectives. This is a better measurement method for Enager especially its divisions were operating in different industries. Furthermore, Balanced Scorecard promotes goal congruence because divisions will not only be working to better themselves, but the decisions that are made will benefit the company as a whole. ConclusionEnager Industries Ltd was a relatively young company whom manufactured and produced products/services within three divisions. The company was using ROA method in assessing divisional performance. There were a few problems and conflicts arose within the company due to inefficient use of ROA. Switching to Balanced Scorecard will help Enager obtain stronger goal congruency while alleviating some inefficiency in performance measure created by ROA. Robert N. (2007). â€Å"Management Control Systems†. McGraw-Hill: New York. American Accounting Association Financial Accounting Standards Committee. (2003, June). Implications of Accounting Research for the FASB’s Initatives on Disclosure of Information about Intangible Assets. Accounting Horizons, 17, 175-185. Retrieved January 19, 2007 from ABI-Inform. http://0-proquest.umi.com.darius.uleth.ca:80/pqdweb?did=356893801&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=12304&RQT=309&VName=PQDUpton, W.S. (2001, April). Business and Financial Reporting: Challenges from the New Economy. FASB Financial Accounting Series Special Report No. 219-A. Retrieved September 6, 2006 from

Friday, January 3, 2020

South Africa Pest Analysis - 1602 Words

SOUTH AFRICA HISTORY In the history of South Africa, the earliest known settlers of the country were the San and Khoekhoe people, collectively known as Khoisan. They were two distinct cultural groups. The first Europeans to arrive in South Africa were the Portuguese Seafarers who initiated the sea route to India in 1488. They were soon followed by other Europeans since the late 16 th century In 1815, the British took permanent control of the Cape colony and brought in more settlers In 1910 South Africa got freedom from the British rule.The Union of South Africa was formed on 31 May 1910. The National Party came into power in 1948 and devised a harsh system of segregation known as apartheid. This system gave rise to Black hostility and†¦show more content†¦South Africa has rich mineral resources. †¢ It is the worlds largest producer and exporter of gold and platinum and also exports a significant amount of coal. †¢ the value added processing of minerals to produce fero alloys,stainless steels is a major industry and an important growth area. area. †¢ The countrys diverse manufacturing industry is a world leader in several specialized sectors, including motor vehicles and parts, railway rolling stock, synthetic fuels, and mining equipment and machinery. †¢ Primary agriculture accounts for about 3% of the gross domestic product. Major crops include citrus and deciduous fruits, corn, wheat, dairy products, sugarcane, tobacco, wine, and wool. South Africa has many developed irrigation schemes and is a net exporter of food. †¢ GDP (2008): $277 billion. Real GDP growth rate (2008): 3.1% †¢ Negative growth rate of 2% in 2009 ,first recession in 18 years Unemployment Rate June 2009: 23.6% Inflation Rate August 2009: 6.4% †¢ Fiscal Deficit of GDP in FY2009: 1.2% GDP composition (2008): †¢ Agriculture and mining (primary sector)--8%; industry (secondary sector)--21%; services (tertiary sector)--71%. ETHNIC GROUP Black Africans comprise about 80% of the population and are divided into a number of different ethnic groups. Whites comprise just over 9% of the population. They are primarily descendants of Dutch, French,Show MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Foods And Organic Foods Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pagesquestions: Do South African consumers know what genetically modified and organically grown foods are? Are they making informed choices about what they eat? These questions must be answered as it is important to determine whether consumers are well informed on factors which affect their health. 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